| The Close Relationship between Poultry Intestinal Health and Poultry Health Preface Since poultry have to adapt to flying, they are generally smaller in size and have their own special structure different from large animals. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the poultry breeding industry has also begun to scale, intensify, and modernize. However, the larger the scale, the worse the health of poultry. Studies have shown that poultry health is closely related to intestinal health. Today, We elaborate on the close relationship between poultry intestinal health and poultry health from the importance of intestinal health, differential structure, determination of intestinal health, and influencing factors. Functions of the poultry intestine 1. The intestine is the channel for communication between the animal body and the external environment; 2. It is an important place for digestion and absorption of nutrients; 3. It is the last line of defense against the invasion of external pathogens and toxins. The distinctive structure of the poultry intestine The anatomy and physiological functions of the poultry gastrointestinal tract are similar to those of mammals, except that poultry have a crop, gizzard, glandular stomach, a short colon, and cloaca. 1. Richer vascularity Since poultry have to adapt to the needs of flight during the evolution process, the size of the poultry gastrointestinal tract is relatively small relative to its body weight. However, this is offset by the greater vascularity of poultry. Compared to mammals, poultry have higher gastric secretion rates, increased transit time, and higher gastrointestinal acidity. 2. More intestinal villi and faster turnover Poultry has a greater number of intestinal villi and a faster epithelial turnover rate (48 hours to 96 hours), but at the same time, the inflammatory response can also occur more rapidly (generally less than 12 hours, compared with 3 days to 4 days in mammals). days), which makes the digestive and absorptive capacity of poultry more susceptible to interference and damage than that of mammals.
The function and health of intestines can be assessed very easily by examining the stool The feces excreted from the digestive tract of normal chickens are mixed with uric acid in the cloaca. After being excreted, they are round and brown, with a typical "white cap" of uric acid on the upper part. They defecate 12 to 16 times a day. The contents of the cecum are discontinuous dark brown pastes that are usually excreted once or twice a day. Because chickens drink different amounts of water, the water content of their feces may vary. Measuring and recording total water intake every day is the most practical and effective way to detect intestinal problems in chickens early, because intestinal problems usually lead to increased water consumption in chickens.
A complete and healthy intestine ensures
Natural physiological barrier that maintains intestinal integrity in poultry Physiological barriers contribute to intestinal integrity by preventing foreign bodies and microorganisms from invading the bloodstream and from invading other intrinsic organs through the bloodstream. Sometimes these barriers can be destroyed when the load of foreign invaders increases due to improper nutrition or unsanitary environment. Here are several natural physiological barriers that help maintain the integrity of the poultry intestinal tract. 1. Mucus Mucus (a mucous substance secreted by intestinal cells) acts as a barrier against the invasion of bacteria and fungi. However, some enzymes, such as urease, which breaks down mucus, can break down this barrier. Poultry feed containing cooked soybean meal may contain urease. 2.Epithelial cells The epithelial cells of the intestine form a semipermeable surface that selectively allows the passage of fluids, electrolytes, and the ability to break down nutrients. In the digestive tract, the epithelial cells in each part act as a continuous physical barrier. When epithelial cells are disrupted by microbial and toxin factors, the integrity of the protective barrier formed by the intestinal epithelial cells is also compromised. 3. Fluid secretions Fluid secretions are a mixture of large amounts of water and electrolytes. The fluid in the front of the small intestine has a protective effect, allowing intestinal bacteria to be suspended in the fluid and flushed to the back of the intestine as the fluid flows. 4. Vascular distribution Vascularity beneath the intestinal epithelial cell layer rapidly dilutes and carries away any pathogens or chemicals (endogenous or exogenous) that may disrupt the mucosal barrier. Factors affecting poultry intestinal integrity 1. Physiological barrier The integrity of the poultry intestinal tract can be compromised when the mucus layer degrades, epithelial cells are lost or destroyed, the vascular supply is disrupted, or the immune system is compromised. 2. Viruses, bacteria, etc. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites and toxins can also damage the integrity of the poultry intestinal tract. 3. Stress factors Many stress factors can change the intestinal environment of poultry and affect the integrity of the intestinal tract of poultry, such as catching chickens, transportation, overcrowding, and sudden changes in the environment. 4. Health status Diseases such as coccidiosis and chicken plague can seriously affect the integrity of the poultry intestinal tract. Infection, trauma, etc. can also affect intestinal health. 5. Feed toxins, etc. Feed toxins and toxic substances can also affect the integrity of the poultry intestinal tract. Intestinal health can be affected by nutritional deficiencies due to unbalanced diet preparation, excess grains, and microbial load in the feed. 6. Gut flora Changes in intestinal flora can often cause loss of production and efficiency without any clinical symptoms. The beneficial bacteria in the intestines (symbiotic bacteria) play an active role in controlling the intestinal flora and stimulating the development of the intestinal wall. Therefore, the balance of intestinal flora is extremely important to maintain intestinal integrity. 7. Beak deformity Beak deformities in poultry can impede feed intake and prevent the bird from obtaining adequate feed intake, thereby compromising intestinal health. Effect of EGF on healthy intestinal development of poultry Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small molecule polypeptide with multiple biological functions. It is a member of the growth-promoting factor family. EGF can promote the growth and development of gastrointestinal tissue, repair damaged mucosal tissue, and regulate various intestinal enzymes. It also plays an important role in regulating cell growth, survival, migration, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. In addition to enhancing cell proliferation and differentiation, EGF also functions as a protective factor in the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa and is related to intestinal maturation and maintenance of epithelial cell homeostasis. EGF has been shown to play a protective role in a variety of intestinal injuries, reducing damage, accelerating repair, or reducing intestinal pathogen colonization and translocation. Studies have shown that EGF plays a positive role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract from intestinal pathogen colonization and microbiome induced barrier defects, and it can promote the gastrointestinal tract growth and growth performance of broilers after hatching. It can also promote the development of poultry duodenum.
Intestinal tract is the most important digestive organ of chicken. In poultry production, almost all life and production activities are closely related to intestinal health, and the occurrence and development of most diseases are also directly or indirectly related to intestinal problems. EGF, as an expert in intestinal health repair, can repair intestinal epithelial damage, ensure intestinal integrity, and thus promote animal growth and development, becoming the best choice for animal health breeding industry. |
The effect of TIPEK(EGF) on the Cultivation of Penaeus Vannamei
Broiler Breeding: Small Intestine Development and Nutrient Absorption
Invisible Killer in High Temperatures -Heat Stress in Chickens Ⅳ
Invisible Killer in High Temperatures -Heat Stress in Chickens Ⅲ
